Shortcomings:
In NWFP Text Book Board the decisions are made in decision room. When there is need of decision to solve the problems, the chairman call a meeting at meeting hall consists of members from different departments.
The NWFP Text Book Board lacks “Local Area Network” and in the meeting hall there is no computer to use multimedia to addressing the meeting members. The members of the meeting use file system (reports) to support decision making.
Expert Systems: -
Expert systems are one of the five main areas of Artificial intelligence (AI). Expert systems are software systems that imitate the reasoning processes of human experts and provide decision makers with the type of advice they would normally receive from such human experts. An expert system attempts to represent the knowledge of human experts in the form of heuristics. The term heuristics is derived from Greek word “eureka” which means “to discover”.
Function of Expert Systems: -
The concept of expert system is based on the assumption that an expert’s knowledge can be captured in computer storage and then applied by others when the need arises. An expert system offers unique capabilities as a decision support system. First an expert system offers the opportunity to make decisions that exceed the manager’s capabilities second the expert system can explain its line of reasoning in reaching a particular solution. Very often, the explanation of how a solution was reached is more valuable than the solution itself. An expert system preserves knowledge that might be lost through retirement, resignation, or death of an acknowledged company expert. It puts information into an active form so it can be summoned almost as a real-life expert might be summoned. It can be effectively used as a strategic tool in the areas of marketing products, cutting costs and improving products.
Shortcomings: -
The NWFP Text Book Board lacks expert systems because hiring and managing the expert systems are so much expansive for the board because it is a self-support board and there is no government grant and funds.
The second reason is that the board has no competitors to compete and to find an edge by using expert systems.
The Virtual Office: -
More recently, improvements in data communications have made it possible for certain workers to perform some or all of their work anywhere. More and more employees are working at home and communicating with their offices by means of such electronic communications as Electronic Mail (E-mail) and Facsimile Transmission (fax). When a firm performs its office work in this manner, the workplace is known as the Virtual Office (VO).
The technology that makes the virtual office possible is Office Automation (OA). Virtual Office includes all of the formal and informal electronic systems primarily concerned with the communication of information both inside and outside the firm.
The formal Virtual office systems are planned and perhaps are documented by a written procedure. However, the informal virtual office systems are neither planned nor documented by a written procedure. The informal VO systems are used whenever they are needed by individuals to meet their own unique needs.
In the NWFP Textbook board, there are 3 incoming and 3 outgoing PTCL lines. In every office there is a telephonic set and the employees of the board communicate among each other through voice mail.
Besides communicating through PTCL lines the employees also communicate informally by using their personal cell phones.
Facsimile Transmission (Fax): -
Fax, for facsimile transmission uses special equipment that can read of a communication channel and make a copy at the other end. Facsimile transmission can be accomplished by a fax machine or a computer. A fax board enables a microcomputer to function as a fax machine. By adding the board, one can receive fax messages and store them for later display or printing. In NWFP Text book board the fax machines are used send and receive curriculum design from the ministry of Education, Islamabad
Teleconferencing: -
There are three forms of teleconferencing—audio video and computer conferencing. The appeal of audio conferencing is its availability to anyone with a telephone. Video conferencing can combine both sound and picture in one—way configurations. Computer conferencing is like electronic mail except that the participants and their topics are restricted. In NWFP textbook board teleconferencing does not exist.
Virtual Office Applications and NWFP Text Book Board:
Ø Word Processing:
Word processing is the use of a computer to perform automatically many of the tasks necessary to prepare typed or printed documents. Word processing contributes to problem solving by enabling the manager to prepare more effective written communications. In NWFP Text Book Board the employees prepare memos, lectors and reports by using word processing. For this purpose the employee use the computer in IT section by the help of computer operators. They typed the required documents.
Ø Electronic Mail:
Electronic mail (E-mail) is the use of a computer network that allows users to send, store and receive messages using terminals and storage devices. In NWFP Text Book Board only the employee of IT section use electronic mail for communication.
Ø Voice Mail:
Voice mail is just like electronic mail, rather than typing the messages in this system the messages are send by speaking them into the telephone. Voice mail is the cheapest and most popular system for communication. In NWFP Text Book Board communication is widely through telephonic system. There is a local exchange. In the NWFP Textbook board, there are 3 incoming and 3 outgoing PTCL lines. In every office there is a telephonic set and the employees of the board communicate among each other through voice mail.
Besides communicating through PTCL lines the employees also communicate informally by using their personal cell phones.
Facsimile Transmission (Fax): -
Fax, for facsimile transmission uses special equipment that can read of a communication channel and make a copy at the other end. Facsimile transmission can be accomplished by a fax machine or a computer. A fax board enables a microcomputer to function as a fax machine. By adding the board, one can receive fax messages and store them for later display or printing. In NWFP Text book board the fax machines are used send and receive curriculum design from the ministry of Education, Islamabad
Teleconferencing: -
There are three forms of teleconferencing—audio video and computer conferencing. The appeal of audio conferencing is its availability to anyone with a telephone. Video conferencing can combine both sound and picture in one—way configurations. Computer conferencing is like electronic mail except that the participants and their topics are restricted. In NWFP textbook board teleconferencing does not exist.
Shortcomings: -
Ø For word processing and to prepare reports and other necessary documents the employees of NWFP Textbook board have to visit IT section because there are few numbers of computer only in the IT section which result in much waste of time.
Ø Electronic mail facility is only available for those offices in which internal connection available. All of the employees cannot communicate through e-mail.
Ø For voice mail there is a local exchange but the number of exchange operators is few and the exchange often becomes out of order, which result in no communication.
Ø There is only one fax machine in the whole board and the board is in need of more fax machine.
Ø Teleconferencing is one of the modern ways of communication but the board lacks such systems.
1. Shortcomings in AIS
Ø The AIS of NWFP textbook board is managed manually. The system is not integrated with running software. The manual systems present the following numerous problems that are solvable by computer and communications technologies.
Ø With manual systems, an uncomfortable level of error often exists. Frequently,
Ø clerks look up the wrong prices, add prices incorrectly on invoices or produce garbled journal entries or source documents.
Ø Source documents and file folders are easily lost or misplaced. This often results in lost customer payment and delayed purchases or payments.
Ø Manual systems are labor intensity and therefore costly.
Ø Virtually everything takes longer to do with a manual system require information is very difficult to find.
Ø There is no special security system to hide information.
Ø The updating of data is very slow
Ø There is no system to check the balance of account through on line system
2. Shortcomings in DSS
In NWFP Text Book Board the decisions are made in decision room. When there is need of decision to solve the problems, the chairman call a meeting at meeting hall consists of members from different departments.
The NWFP Text Book Board lacks “Local Area Network” and in the meeting hall there is no computer to use multimedia to addressing the meeting members. The members of the meeting use file system (reports) to support decision making.
3. Shortcomings in ES
The NWFP Text Book Board lacks expert systems because hiring and managing the expert systems are so much expansive for the board because it is a self-support board and there is no government grant and funds.
The second reason is that the board has no competitors to compete and to find an edge by using expert systems.
4. Shortcomings in VO
Ø For word processing and to prepare reports and other necessary documents the employees of NWFP Textbook board have to visit IT section because there are few numbers of computer only in the IT section which result in much waste of time.
Ø Electronic mail facility is only available for those offices in which internal connection available. All of the employees cannot communicate through e-mail.
Ø For voice mail there is a local exchange but the number of exchange operators is few and the exchange often becomes out of order, which result in no communication.
Ø There is only one fax machine in the whole board and the board is in need of more fax machine.
Ø Teleconferencing is one of the modern ways of communication but the board lacks such systems.
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